Frederick johnson



e@initrd gister @anni Gtjijire FREDERICK JOHNSON, AND WILLIAM HATCHMA-N,OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO THOMAS O. MORTON PATON, OF NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 108,151, dated October 11, 1870.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FREDERICK Jonsson, of

-Wood Street, and WILLIAM HATCHMAN, of Little Love Lane, in the city ofLondon, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inUmbrellas; and we hereby declare that the following is a full, clear,and exaetdescription thereof. p

Silk umbrellas are particularly liable to' wear at the folds between theribs; and, with a view to prevent wear, and increase the durability ofthe article by ern- Y` ploying as a thickening material, atcertain partsof the fabric, a ber havingthe property of resisting the 'formation'of'shar well-deiined creases'.`

Cotton and linen -arc fibers very suitable for this purpose, and bytheir use in this manner the durability ofthe umbrella. is muchincreased.

As respects the remainder-of the fabric, we prefer to make it entirelyof silk, as other bers-do not so well retain their colors, and umbrellasmade from them soon become shabby. v

The silk may, however, be mixed with other tibers, but in all cases weuse, in the manufacture ofv umbrellas, a fabric made thicker wherethefoljdsjcome than in other parts, and thesethicker parts consistpartly' of silk, and partly of some vegetable liber having the propertyof resisting the formation of the sharp creases or folds found in silkumbrellas.

The invention is illustrated rin the accompanying drawing, whichrepresents a top view of an umbrella.'

A A indicate the ribs, and

B B, the gores of silk, of which the covering is composed'.

The dark stripes b o represent the portions of the fabric `extendingalong the middle of each gore or pory tion ofthe covering between tworibs where the folding takes place, and which are strengthened by theintroductionV of the weft of cotton or other vegetable fibel'. A

1n carrying our invention into effect, we set np the loom for weavingthecovering fabric, with which our umbrellas are' made with a silk warp, just as for weaving a plain silk fabric, and for the width of somewhatmore than an inch; where the creases are to c olne, we doublethe weft byusing two shuttles, one carrying a silk shoot, and the othera cottonshoot or weft,

lboth threads being of about the same substance, and

with the ordinary silk warp and these combined wefts the fabric iswoven.

In place of cotton, flax and other vegetable fibers may be used as theadditional weft in precisely the same manner. s

vIn place of using a warp composed entirely of silk yarns wesometimesuse yarns made of cotton covered with silk, as is well known. Yarnsofcotton or other vegetable fiber covered with silk may also be used forthe weft; but, as a general rule, l'it is preferable touse silk yarnsfor the warp. l

Vhat we claim as our invention, as a new article of manufacture', is-' sAn umbrella, with a covering of a silken fabric, in which, at the partswhere the goresV or portions between the several ribs are folded, thesilken fabric is made stronger bythe introduction of a weft'of cotton orother vegetable ber, as'herein setforth. s

In wit-ness whereof, we, the said FREDERICK J OHN- soN and WILLIAMHAroHMAN, 'have hereunto set our hands this third day of June, iii `theyear of our Lord one thousand eight hundred andseventy.

FREDERICK JOHNSON. WILLIAM HATGHMAN.

Witnesses:

DANL. FonsHAw,

24 Royal Exchange, London. H. K. WHITE,

66 Chancery Laue.

